Trodelvy® (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy)
Mechanism of Action

Gilead Sciences, Inc. is providing this document to you, a US Healthcare Professional, in response to your unsolicited request for medical information.

Gilead Sciences, Inc. is providing this document to you, a US Healthcare Professional, in response to your unsolicited request for medical information.

Trodelvy® (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy)

Mechanism of Action

This document is in response to your request for information regarding Trodelvy® (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy [SG]) and its mechanism of action.

Some data may be outside of the US FDA-approved prescribing information. In providing this data, Gilead Sciences, Inc. is not making any representation as to its clinical relevance or to the use of any Gilead product(s). For information about the approved conditions of use of any Gilead drug product, please consult the FDA-approved prescribing information.

The full indication, important safety information, and boxed warnings for neutropenia and diarrhea are available at:
www.gilead.com/-/media/files/pdfs/medicines/oncology/trodelvy/trodelvy_pi.

Relevant Product Labeling1

Mechanism of Action

SG is a trophoblast cellsurface antigen-2 (Trop-2)-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Sacituzumab is a humanized antibody that recognizes Trop-2. The small molecule that is the active metabolite of irinotecan (SN-38), is a topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor, which is covalently attached to the antibody by a linker. Pharmacology data suggest that SG binds to Trop-2-expressing cancer cells and is internalized with the subsequent release of SN-38 via hydrolysis of the linker. SN-38 interacts with TOP1 and prevents re-ligation of TOP1-induced single strand breaks. The resulting DNA damage leads to apoptosis and cell death. SG decreased tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of triplenegative breast cancer.

SG Mechanism of Action

SG is an ADC made from a humanized anti-Trop-2 monoclonal antibody (hRS7) conjugated with SN-38 via a hydrolysable linker (CL2A) with a drug-to-antibody ratio of 7.6:1.2-5 Trop-2 is a transmembrane protein frequently expressed by many cancers.2-9 The antibody component of SG binds to Trop-2 expressed on the tumor cell surface. The Trop-2-bound antibody complex is internalized, enabling SG to concentrate within the Trop-2 expressing tumor cells.2-5 The Trop-2-bound antibody complex is then trafficked intracellularly to lysosomes.4 The linker connecting the antibody to SN-38 is cleaved upon exposure to environments with low pH, followed by hydrolysis of the linker within the lysosome. The free SN-38 is released intracellularly.4,5 SN-38 is a TOP1 inhibitor that prevents religation of TOP1-induced single strand breaks resulting in DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell death.2-5

Bystander Effect


Based on preclinical data, it is hypothesized that given its membrane-permeable nature, free SN-38 can leave the cell once the internalization of the Trop-2-bound antibody complex process has been completed.4,10 The SN-38 payload was observed in cells distal to blood vessels in the tumor in the absence of detectable levels of the ADC backbone. In addition, after 48 hours, SN-38 was distributed in the tumor in a homogeneous pattern consistent with distribution of SN-38 via the bystander effect to cells lacking expression of Trop-2.10 See Figure 1 below.

Figure 1. SG Mechanism of Action4

Note: 1=binding; 2=internalization; 3=intracellular trafficking; 4=lysosomal degradation; 5=cell toxicity; 6=bystander effect.

References

1. TRODELVY® Gilead Sciences Inc. Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) for injection, for intravenous use. U.S. Prescribing Information. Foster City, CA.

2. Cardillo TM, Govindan SV, Sharkey RM, et al. Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132), an anti-trop-2/SN-38 antibody-drug conjugate: characterization and efficacy in pancreatic, gastric, and other cancers. Bioconjug Chem. 2015;26(5):919-931.

3. Goldenberg DM, Sharkey RM. Sacituzumab govitecan, a novel, third-generation, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2020;20(8):871-885. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32301634

4. Rugo HS, Bardia A, Tolaney SM, et al. TROPiCS-02: A phase III study investigating sacituzumab govitecan in the treatment of HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. Future Oncol. 2020;16(12):705-715.

5. Fenn KM, Kalinsky K. Sacituzumab govitecan: antibody-drug conjugate in triple-negative breast cancer and other solid tumors [Author Manuscript]. Drugs Today (Barc). 2019;55(9):575-585.

6. Shvartsur A, Bonavida B. Trop2 and its overexpression in cancers: regulation and clinical/therapeutic implications. Genes Cancer. 2015;6(3-4):84-105. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26000093

7. Stepan LP, Trueblood ES, Hale K, Babcook J, Borges L, Sutherland CL. Expression of Trop2 cell surface glycoprotein in normal and tumor tissues: potential implications as a cancer therapeutic target. J Histochem Cytochem. 2011;59(7):701-710.

8. Zaman S, Jadid H, Denson AC, Gray JE. Targeting Trop-2 in solid tumors: future prospects. Onco Targets Ther. 2019;12:1781-1790.

9. Sahota S, Vahdat LT. Sacituzumab govitecan: an antibody-drug conjugate. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2017;17(8):1027-1031.

10. Kopp A, Hofsess S, Cardillo TM, Govindan SV, Donnell J, Thurber GM. Antibody Drug Conjugate Sacituzumab Govitecan Drives Efficient Tissue Penetration and Rapid Intracellular Drug Release. Mol Cancer Ther. 2023;22(1):102-111.

Product Label

For the full indication, important safety information, and boxed warning(s), please refer to the Trodelvy US Prescribing Information available at:
www.gilead.com/-/media/files/pdfs/medicines/oncology/trodelvy/trodelvy_pi.

Follow Up

For any additional questions, please contact Trodelvy Medical Information at:

1-888-983-4668 or   www.askgileadmedical.com

Adverse Event Reporting

Please report all adverse events to:

Gilead Global Patient Safety 1-800-445-3235, option 3 or
https://www.gilead.com/utility/contact/report-an-adverse-event

FDA MedWatch Program by 1-800-FDA-1088 or MedWatch, FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD 20852 or   www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/medwatch

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